Non-linear Radiation Damages Induced by Energetic Cluster Ions
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Due to energetic cluster produces simultaneous impacts of several atoms and deposits extremely high energy density in a very small area, the cluster impingement on solids has produced non-linear radiation damages not presented in the collisions of individual atoms with those solids. The radiation damages are usually investigated by channeling Rutherford backscattering, Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), Transmission Electronic c Microscope(TEM) and computer simulation. The typical methods and results on the non-linear radiation damages induced by clusters are reviewed in this paper.
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