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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Scince the first C~(+) beam were extracted from HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility ofLanzhou)on Dec. 12, 1988, C~(+) (50MeV/u, 7SMeV/u), O(+) (50MeV/u), Ne(+) (25MeV/u) Ar(15+)(25MeV/u)and other beams have been accelerated for the testing of the experimental terminals andthe experimental raserach on heavy ion nuclear physics, atomic physics, nuclear chemistry, biologyand material science. The beam emittance is less than 8π mm mrad and the energy spread is less than0.3%. The 10 GHz ECR ion...
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