Abstract: Fast neutron radiography technology has a unique application potential in the field of non-destructive testing. It can identify and detect defects inside large-sized samples, which effectively complements the limitations of traditional low-energy neutron radiography and X-ray radiography. However, the problem of low resolution of fast neutron radiography limits its application in high-precision detection. In this paper, the basic principle and system composition of fast neutron radiography are briefly introduced, and the multiple factors affecting the resolution of fast neutron radiography are deeply analyzed. Starting from the two dimensions of system composition and imaging process, the related research work carried out by scholars at home and abroad is systematically reviewed. Finally, based on the existing research basis, some research directions and ideas are provided to improve the resolution of fast neutron radiography.