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基于强化学习的低电平射频控制参数优化策略研究

Reinforcement Learning Approach to Low-level RF Control Parameter Optimization

  • 摘要: 超导直线加速器在高能物理、核物理、生命及材料科学等领域发挥着至关重要的作用。射频超导腔作为超导直线加速器的核心,由于其运行带宽较窄,极易受到外部扰动的影响。低电平射频(Low Level Radio Frequency, LLRF)系统作为射频的重要组成部分,其主要作用是精准调控射频信号,实现粒子束的稳定加速。加速器的LLRF系统多采用经典比例积分(Proportional Integral, PI)控制器。由于被控对象(即射频超导腔体系统)具有非线性时变及滞后延迟等特点,使得PI参数调节高度依赖专家经验,现场值班人员不具备快速优化PI参数的能力。为解决这一问题,本文采用强化学习(Reinforcement Learning, RL)算法,通过实验数据获取、特征指标构造、奖励函数设计等系列方法,实现LLRF系统中PI控制器增益参数的自适应整定。经验证,训练好的RL代理在PI参数调优任务中实现超98%的准确率。

     

    Abstract: Superconducting linear accelerators play a crucial role in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, life sciences, and materials science. As the core component of superconducting linear accelerators, radio-frequency (RF) superconducting cavities are highly susceptible to external disturbances due to their narrow operating bandwidth. The Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system, as an essential part of RF systems, primarily functions to precisely regulate RF signals for stable particle beam acceleration. The LLRF systems in accelerators predominantly employ classical Proportional Integral (PI) controllers. However, due to the nonlinear, time-varying, and delayed characteristics of the controlled object (RF superconducting cavity system), PI parameter tuning heavily relies on expert experience, making it challenging for on-duty operators to quickly optimize these parameters. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach for adaptive tuning of PI controller gain parameters in LLRF systems. The methodology encompasses experimental data acquisition, feature indicator construction, and reward function design. Experimental results demonstrate that the trained RL agent achieves over 98% accuracy in PI parameter optimization tasks.

     

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